Development of a new bio-based adhesive for cardboard using latex of pterocarpus indicus

Abstract

Bio-based adhesives are derived from renewable resources such as plant-based materials, animal by-products, and microbial sources. Latex-based bio adhesives, specifically those made from natural latex derived from plant sources, have garnered significant research interest. While natural rubber remains the most commonly used bio source for latex adhesives, this study explores the potential of Pterocarpus indicus wild (PIW) latex as an alternative and discusses modifications that can be made to enhance its adhesive properties. Additionally, this research examines the effect of additives such as Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) on the adhesive properties of natural latex while evaluating their capacity for adhesive performance. The major challenges faced by existing bio-based adhesives, including low bonding strength and water resistance are acknowledged. Consequently, this study offers guidance on advancing new plant sources for bio-based adhesives, addressing the limitations of current adhesive products. Adhesives are social substances and can be defined as a mixture in a liquid or semi-liquid state, capable of joining permanently to surfaces, by an adhesive process [1]. Bio- based adhesives are a type of adhesive that is made from natural and renewable resources, such as plant-based materials [2]. These adhesives are becoming increasingly popular due to their sustainability and environmentally friendly nature, as they have a reduced carbon footprint and are biodegradable. The disadvantages of the current bio sealants can restrict their use in some circumstances. Their lower strength and longevity compared to conventional adhesives are significant drawbacks. Some bio-based adhesives are also moisture-sensitive and may lose their adhesion when exposed to moisture or high humidity [3]. Due to the higher expense of obtaining and processing natural materials, bio- based adhesive production has another disadvantage. Additionally, bio-based adhesives' scalability and broad use may be constrained by the lack of readily available natural materials. Additionally restricting their use in some applications, some bio-based adhesives have a lower shelf life than conventional adhesives.